tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-42945273049364061862024-03-13T19:52:40.965-07:00Digestive System DiseasesCommon diseases affecting the digestive system.Acilahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06607640816656008273noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-34290420174116059052010-12-15T04:31:00.000-08:002010-12-15T04:31:47.047-08:00Gastroesophageal reflux diseaseGastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, occurs when the muscle located at the end of your esophagus--called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)--does not close properly. Your esophagus is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. Because your LES does not close properly when it should, your stomach contents leak back, or reflux, into your esophagus and irritate it.<br />
<br />
<b>Gastroesophageal reflux disease Symptoms</b><br />
<br />
Most people who have gastroesophageal reflux disease feel a burning sensation in their chest or throat. This is called heartburn. Sometimes, you can taste stomach fluid in the back of the mouth. This is acid <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/indigestion-digestion-problem.html"><u>indigestion</u></a>. If you have these symptoms for two weeks in a row or more, you may have GERD.<br />
<br />
<b>Who gets reflux disease?</b><br />
<br />
Anyone can have Gastroesophageal reflux disease, including infants and children.<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/gastroesophageal-reflux-in-babies.html"><u>Gastroesophageal Reflux in Babies</u></a></li></ul><br />
<b>What You Can Do</b><br />
<br />
Here are some tips on what you can do to improve your symptoms.<br />
<br><ul><li>Avoid drinking alcohol and eating spicy, fatty or acidic foods that trigger your heartburn</li>
<li>Eat smaller meals</li>
<li>Avoid eating close to bedtime</li>
<li>Try to lose weight if you are overweight or obese</li>
<li>Avoid wearing too tight belt</li></ul><br />
<b>Gastroesophageal reflux disease Treatment</b><br />
<br />
Your doctor may recommend medicines such as antacids or H2 blockers to relieve your symptoms. If your symptoms are not relieved by medications, your doctor may recommend surgery to correct the cause of your reflux disease.<br />
<br />
<b>More</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a><br />
<br />
<sub><b>References:</b><br />
Heartburn, Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER), and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse < http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gerd/index.htm>. December 15, 2010<br />
<br />
GERD. Medline Plus, National Library of Medicine < http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/gerd.html>. December 15, 2010</sub><br />
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<span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-33780926869905234392010-12-15T01:52:00.002-08:002010-12-15T04:34:17.316-08:00Hiatal HerniaHiatal hernia is a digestive problem in which a part of your stomach protrudes through the opening of your diaphragm. Your diaphragm is a thin sheet of muscle that helps your breathe. It also separates your chest from your abdomen.<br />
<br />
The opening in your diaphragm, called the hiatus, is normally just large enough to allow your esophagus to pass, but prevents your stomach to push upward beyond your diaphragm. The esophagus is the tube connecting your mouth to your stomach.<br />
<br />
<b>Causes Hiatal Hernia</b><br />
<br />
The true cause of hiatal hernia is unknown. However, experts believe that it may be associated with weakening of the hiatus or surrounding tissues. <br />
<br />
Some people may be at risk of developing hiatal hernia, such as<br />
<ul></li>
Advancing age</li>
<li>Being overweight or obese</li>
<li>Smoking</li>
<li>Pregnancy</li>
</ul><br />
<b>Hiatal Hernia Symptoms</b><br />
<br />
Most cases of hiatal hernia have no symptoms. Sometimes, hiatal hernia symptoms are associated with <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/12/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease.html"><u>gastroesophageal reflux disease</u></a>, or GERD, which may include heartburn, chest pain and difficulty swallowing.<br />
<br />
If your symptoms seem to persist, get medical help.<br />
<br />
<b>Hiatal Hernia Treatment</b><br />
<br />
Mild hiatal hernia that does not cause symptoms usually does not need special medical treatment. If your condition causes symptoms, you may need treatment. Your doctor may recommend medications to relieve your symptoms caused by GERD. <br />
<br />
Surgery may be the last option if your symptoms are not relieved by medication.<br />
<br />
<b>More on Hernia</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/inguinal-hernia.html"><u>Inguinal Hernia</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>Learn About</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/12/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease.html"><u>Gastrosophageal Reflux Disease</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/gastroesophageal-reflux-in-babies.html"><u>Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Babies</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/common-stomach-diseases-or-disorders.html"><u>Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html"><u>Common Digestive System Diseases</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<sub><b>References:</b><br />
Heartburn, Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER), and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse < http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gerd/index.htm>. Accessed on December 15, 2010<br />
<br />
Hiatal Hernia. Medline Plus, National Library of Medicine < http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001137.htm>. Accessed on December 15, 2010</sub><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-5031452040294507942010-09-24T20:36:00.002-07:002010-12-04T08:36:04.094-08:00Proctitis (Inflamed Rectum) Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment<b>Proctitis</b> is a digestive disease in which the inner lining of the rectum, called rectal mucosa, is inflamed. It can be acute (short term) or chronic (long term) proctitis.<br />
<br />
<b>Causes</b><br />
<br />
There are several causes of proctitis. Sometimes inflammation of the rectum is caused by sexually transmitted diseases, such as herpes, gonorrhea, or chlamydia. In other cases, the condition is associated with autoimmune digestive conditions causing inflammation in the colon or small intestine like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Proctitis may also be the result of certain medical treatments, such as radiation therapy or antibiotics.<br />
<br />
Other causes of proctitis may include:<ul><li>injury to the rectum (rectal injury)</li>
<li>bacterial infection</li>
<li>malfunctioning nerves in the rectum</li>
<li>allergies</li>
</ul><br />
<b>Symptoms</b><br />
<br />
The most common symptom of proctitis is frequent or continuous urge to have a bowel movement. Other symptoms may include:<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/constipation.html"><u>constipation</u></a></li>
<li>a feeling of rectal fullness</li>
<li>left-sided abdominal pain</li>
<li>passage of mucus through the rectum</li>
<li>bleeding in the rectum</li>
<li>pain in the rectum or anus (anorectal pain)</li>
</ul><br />
<b>Diagnosis</b><br />
<br />
Physicians diagnose proctitis by looking inside the rectum with a proctoscope or a sigmoidoscope. A biopsy (a tiny piece of tissue from the rectum) may be removed and tested for diseases or infections. A stool sample may also reveal infecting bacteria. If the physician suspects Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, colonoscopy or barium enema x rays may be used to examine areas of the intestine.<br />
<br />
<b>Treatment</b><br />
<br />
Treatment of proctitis depends on the specific cause. For example, the physician may prescribe antibiotics for proctitis caused by bacterial infection. If the inflammation is caused by Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, the physician may recommend the drug 5-aminosalicyclic acid (5ASA) or corticosteroids applied directly to the area in enema or suppository form, or taken orally in pill form. Enema and suppository applications are usually more effective, but some patients may require a combination of oral and rectal applications.<br />
<br />
<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Digestive System Diseases</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li></ul><br />
<b>View all</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;"><b>Source:</b><br />
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). <b>Proctitis</b> (NIH Publication No. 05–4627, March 2005) <http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/proctitis/index.htm>. Accessed on September 25, 2010.<br />
<br />
Page Last Revised: December 4, 2010<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-41573763727521884752010-06-17T09:29:00.002-07:002010-12-15T04:37:26.092-08:00Gastroesophageal Reflux in Babies<b>Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)</b> occurs when stomach contents reflux, or back up, into the esophagus during or after a meal. The esophagus is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. A ring of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus opens and closes to allow food to enter the stomach. This ring of muscle is called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). <br />
<br />
The LES normally opens to release gas after meals. With infants, when the LES opens, stomach contents often reflux into the esophagus and out the mouth, resulting in regurgitation, or spitting up, and vomiting. GER can also occur when babies cough, cry, or strain.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Symptoms</span><br />
<br />
GER is common in healthy infants. More than half of all babies experience reflux in the first 3 months of life, but most stop spitting up between the ages of 12 to 24 months. Only a small number of infants have severe symptoms. An infant with GER may experience<blockquote>* spitting up<br />
* vomiting<br />
* coughing<br />
* irritability<br />
* poor feeding<br />
* blood in the stools</blockquote>In a small number of babies, GER results in symptoms that cause concern. These symptoms include<blockquote>* poor growth due to an inability to hold down enough food<br />
* irritability or refusing to feed due to pain<br />
* blood loss from acid burning the esophagus<br />
* breathing problems</blockquote>These problems can be caused by disorders other than GER. Your health care provider will need to determine whether GER is the cause of your child’s symptoms.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Diagnosis</span><br />
<br />
A baby who is consistently spitting up or vomiting may have GER. The doctor or nurse will talk with you about your child’s symptoms and examine your child. Tests may be ordered to help determine whether your child’s symptoms are related to GER. Sometimes treatment is started without tests. If the infant is healthy, content, and growing well, often no tests or treatment are needed.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Treatment</span><br />
<br />
The treatment for baby reflux depends on an infant’s symptoms and age. Some babies may not need treatment because GER often resolves by itself. Healthy babies may only need their feedings thickened with cereal and to be kept upright after eating. Overfeeding can aggravate reflux, so your health care provider may suggest different ways of handling feedings. For example, smaller quantities with more frequent feedings can help decrease the chances of regurgitation. If a food allergy is suspected, you may be asked to change the baby’s formula.<br />
<br />
Breastfeeding mothers may be asked to change their own diets for 1 to 2 weeks. If a child is not growing properly, higher-calorie food or tube feeding may be recommended.<br />
<br />
When an infant is uncomfortable, has difficulty sleeping or eating, or does not grow, your health care provider may suggest a trial of medication to decrease the amount of acid in the stomach. Any potential complications related to the medication will be explained. However, most infants don’t need medication and outgrow reflux by 1 or 2 years of age.<br />
<br />
*If medication is needed, treatment will often start with a class of medications called H2-blockers, also called H2-receptor agonists. These drugs help keep acid from backing up into the esophagus. H2-blockers are often used to treat children with GER because they come in liquid form. H2-blockers include<br />
<br />
<i><b>Call your child’s health care provider right away if any of the following occur:</b></i><br />
<br />
* vomiting large amounts or persistent projectile (forceful) vomiting, particularly in infants younger than 2 months old<br />
* vomiting fluid that is green or yellow or that looks like coffee grounds or blood<br />
* difficulty breathing after vomiting or spitting up<br />
* refusing food that seems to result in weight loss or poor weight gain<br />
* excessive crying and irritability<br />
<br />
<b>Learn About</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/12/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease.html"><u>Gastrosophageal Reflux Disease</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/common-stomach-diseases-or-disorders.html"><u>Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html"><u>Common Digestive System Diseases</u></a></li></ul><br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Source: Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gerdinfant/index.htm. Accessed June 17, 2010.<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-1960175857821003172010-06-17T09:13:00.004-07:002010-12-15T15:59:16.966-08:00Digestive Diseases Topics<blockquote><ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/abdominal-adhesions.html">Abdominal Adhesions</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/appendicitis.html">Appendicitis</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Digestive System Diseases</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/common-stomach-diseases-or-disorders.html">Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/dyspepsia.html">Dyspepsia</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/10/gastritis-inflamed-stomach.html">Gastritis</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/12/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease.html">Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/gastroesophageal-reflux-in-babies.html">Gastroesophageal Reflux in Babies</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/10/hemorrhoids.html">Hemorrhoids</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/12/hiatal-hernia.html">Hiatal Hernia</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/indigestion-digestion-problem.html">Indigestion</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/09/proctitis-inflamed-rectum-causes.html">Inflamed Rectum</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/10/gastritis-inflamed-stomach.html">Inflamed Stomach</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/inguinal-hernia.html">Inguinal Hernia</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/peptic-ulcers.html">Peptic Ulcers</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/09/proctitis-inflamed-rectum-causes.html">Proctitis (Inflamed Rectum)</a></li></ul></blockquote><br />
<span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-16356162162909878642010-06-17T09:05:00.003-07:002010-12-04T08:09:22.763-08:00DyspepsiaDyspepsia, also known as <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/indigestion-digestion-problem.html"><u>indigestion</u></a>, is a term used to describe one or more symptoms including a feeling of fullness during a meal, uncomfortable fullness after a meal, and burning or pain in the upper abdomen.<br />
<br />
This digestive condition is common in adults and can occur once in a while or as often as every day.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Dyspepsia Causes</span><br />
<br />
Dyspepsia can be caused by a condition in the digestive tract such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/peptic-ulcers.html"><u>peptic ulcer disease</u></a>, cancer, or abnormality of the pancreas or bile ducts. If the condition improves or resolves, the symptoms of indigestion usually improve.<br />
<br />
Sometimes a person has indigestion for which a cause cannot be found. This type of indigestion, called functional dyspepsia, is thought to occur in the area where the stomach meets the small intestine. The indigestion may be related to abnormal motility—the squeezing or relaxing action—of the stomach muscle as it receives, digests, and moves food into the small intestine.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Symptoms of Dyspepsia</span><br />
<br />
Most people with indigestion experience more than one of the following symptoms:<blockquote><b>* Fullness during a meal.</b> The person feels overly full soon after the meal starts and cannot finish the meal.<br />
<br />
<b>* Bothersome fullness after a meal.</b> The person feels overly full after a meal—it may feel like the food is staying in the stomach too long.<br />
<br />
<b>* Epigastric pain.</b> The epigastric area is between the lower end of the chest bone and the navel. The person may experience epigastric pain ranging from mild to severe.<br />
<br />
<b>* Epigastric burning.</b> The person feels an unpleasant sensation of heat in the epigastric area.</blockquote>Other, less frequent symptoms that may occur with indigestion are nausea and bloating—an unpleasant tightness in the stomach. Nausea and bloating could be due to causes other than indigestion.<br />
<br />
Sometimes the term dyspepsia is used to describe the symptom of heartburn, but these are two different conditions. Heartburn is a painful, burning feeling in the chest that radiates toward the neck or back. Heartburn is caused by stomach acid rising into the esophagus and may be a symptom of GERD. A person can have symptoms of both indigestion and heartburn.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Diagnosis</span><br />
<br />
To diagnose indigestion, the doctor asks about the person’s current symptoms and medical history and performs a physical examination. The doctor may order x rays of the stomach and small intestine.<br />
<br />
The doctor may perform blood, breath, or stool tests if the type of bacteria that causes peptic ulcer disease is suspected as the cause of indigestion.<br />
<br />
The doctor may perform an upper endoscopy. After giving a sedative to help the person become drowsy, the doctor passes an endoscope—a long, thin tube that has a light and small camera on the end—through the mouth and gently guides it down the esophagus into the stomach. The doctor can look at the esophagus and stomach with the endoscope to check for any abnormalities. The doctor may perform biopsies—removing small pieces of tissue for examination with a microscope—to look for possible damage from GERD or an infection.<br />
<br />
Because indigestion can be a sign of a more serious condition, people should see a doctor right away if they experience<blockquote>* frequent vomiting<br />
* blood in vomit<br />
* weight loss or loss of appetite<br />
* black tarry stools<br />
* difficult or painful swallowing<br />
* abdominal pain in a nonepigastric area<br />
* indigestion accompanied by shortness of breath, sweating, or pain that radiates to the jaw, neck, or arm<br />
* symptoms that persist for more than 2 weeks</blockquote><span style="font-size:130%;">Treatment of Dyspepsia</span><br />
<br />
Some people may experience relief from symptoms of indigestion by<blockquote>* eating several small, low-fat meals throughout the day at a slow pace<br />
* refraining from smoking<br />
* abstaining from consuming coffee, carbonated beverages, and alcohol<br />
* stopping use of medications that may irritate the stomach lining—such as aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs<br />
* getting enough rest<br />
* finding ways to decrease emotional and physical stress, such as relaxation therapy or yoga</blockquote>The doctor may recommend over-the-counter antacids or medications that reduce acid production or help the stomach move food more quickly into the small intestine. Many of these medications can be purchased without a prescription. Nonprescription medications should only be used at the dose and for the length of time recommended on the label unless advised differently by a doctor. Informing the doctor when starting a new medication is important.<br />
<br />
Antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids, and Riopan, are usually the first drugs recommended to relieve symptoms of indigestion. Many brands on the market use different combinations of three basic salts—magnesium, calcium, and aluminum—with hydroxide or bicarbonate ions to neutralize the acid in the stomach. Antacids, however, can have side effects. Magnesium salt can lead to diarrhea, and aluminum salt may cause constipation. Aluminum and magnesium salts are often combined in a single product to balance these effects.<br />
<br />
Calcium carbonate antacids, such as Tums, Titralac, and Alka-2, can also be a supplemental source of calcium, though they may cause constipation.<br />
<br />
H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) include ranitidine (Zantac), cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), and nizatidine (Axid) and are available both by prescription and over-the-counter. H2RAs treat symptoms of indigestion by reducing stomach acid. They work longer than but not as quickly as antacids. Side effects of H2RAs may include headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, and unusual bleeding or bruising.<br />
<br />
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) include omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid), lansoprazole (Prevacid), pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole (Aciphex), and esomeprazole (Nexium) and are available by prescription. Prilosec is also available in over-the-counter strength. PPIs, which are stronger than H2RAs, also treat indigestion symptoms by reducing stomach acid. PPIs are most effective in treating symptoms of indigestion in people who also have GERD. Side effects of PPIs may include back pain, aching, cough, headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, gas, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea.<br />
<br />
Prokinetics such as metoclopramide (Reglan) may be helpful for people who have a problem with the stomach emptying too slowly. Metoclopramide also improves muscle action in the digestive tract. Prokinetics have frequent side effects that limit their usefulness, including fatigue, sleepiness, depression, anxiety, and involuntary muscle spasms or movements.<br />
<br />
If testing shows the type of bacteria that causes <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/peptic-ulcers.html"><u>peptic ulcer</u></a> disease, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat the condition.<br />
<br />
<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/common-stomach-diseases-or-disorders.html"><u>Common Stomach Diseases</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/peptic-ulcers.html"><u>Peptic Ulcers</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html"><u>Common Digestive System Diseases</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>View List of</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a>.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Source: Indigestion. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/indigestion/index.htm. Accessed June 17, 2010.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Page Last Revised: December 4, 2010<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-46286533185604152262010-06-17T08:48:00.001-07:002010-12-04T08:46:20.379-08:00Abdominal AdhesionsAbdominal adhesions are bands of tissue that form between abdominal tissues and organs. Normally, internal tissues and organs have slippery surfaces, which allow them to shift easily as the body moves. Adhesions cause tissues and organs to stick together.<br />
<br />
Although most adhesions cause no symptoms or problems, others cause chronic abdominal or pelvic pain. Adhesions are also a major cause of intestinal obstruction and female infertility.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Causes</span><br />
<br />
Abdominal surgery is the most frequent cause of abdominal adhesions. Almost everyone who undergoes abdominal surgery develops adhesions; however, the risk is greater after operations on the lower abdomen and pelvis, including bowel and gynecological surgeries. Adhesions can become larger and tighter as time passes, causing problems years after surgery.<br />
<br />
Surgery-induced causes of abdominal adhesions include<br />
<br />
* tissue incisions, especially those involving internal organs<br />
* the handling of internal organs<br />
* the drying out of internal organs and tissues<br />
* contact of internal tissues with foreign materials, such as gauze, surgical gloves, and stitches<br />
* blood or blood clots that were not rinsed out during surgery<br />
<br />
A less common cause of abdominal adhesions is inflammation from sources not related to surgery, including<br />
<br />
* <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/appendicitis.html"><u>appendicitis</u></a>—in particular, appendix rupture<br />
* radiation treatment for cancer<br />
* gynecological infections<br />
* abdominal infections<br />
<br />
Rarely, the condition forms without apparent cause.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Symptoms</span><br />
<br />
Although most abdominal adhesions go unnoticed, the most common symptom is chronic abdominal or pelvic pain. The pain often mimics that of other conditions, including <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/appendicitis.html"><u>appendicitis</u></a>, endometriosis, and diverticulitis.<br />
<br />
When intestinal obstruction occurs, it can cause other symptoms, such as:<br />
<br />
* severe abdominal pain or cramping<br />
* vomiting<br />
* bloating<br />
* loud bowel sounds<br />
* swelling of the abdomen<br />
* inability to pass gas<br />
* <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/constipation.html"><u>constipation</u></a><br />
<br />
A person with these symptoms should seek medical attention immediately.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Diagnosis</span><br />
<br />
No tests are available to diagnose this digestive disorder, and adhesions cannot be seen through imaging techniques such as x rays or ultrasound. Most adhesions are found during exploratory surgery. An intestinal obstruction, however, can be seen through abdominal x rays, barium contrast studies—also called a lower GI series—and computerized tomography.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Treatment Options</span><br />
<br />
Treatment for abdominal adhesions is usually not necessary, as most do not cause problems. Surgery is currently the only way to break adhesions that cause pain, intestinal obstruction, or fertility problems. More surgery, however, carries the risk of additional adhesions and is avoided when possible.<br />
<br />
A complete intestinal obstruction usually requires immediate surgery. A partial obstruction can sometimes be relieved with a liquid or low-residue diet. A low-residue diet is high in dairy products, low in fiber, and more easily broken down into smaller particles by the digestive system.<br />
<br />
<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Digestive System Diseases</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/constipation.html">Appendicitis</a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>View all</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Information courtesy of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). NIH Publication No. 09–5037 January 2009.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Page Last Revised: December 4, 2010<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-6765944149772701212009-11-25T05:05:00.003-08:002010-12-04T08:09:03.155-08:00Indigestion: A Digestion ProblemIndigestion, also called <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/dyspepsia.html"><u>dyspepsia</u></a>, is the term used to describe one or more symptoms including burning or pain in the area of the upper abdomen, feeling of fullness during a meal, and uncomfortable fullness after a meal. In some people, the condition can occur once in a while. While in others, indigestion may occur as often as every day.<br />
<br />
There are many indigestion causes including <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/gastroesophageal-reflux-in-babies.html"><u>gastroesophageal reflux</u></a> disease (GERD), <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/peptic-ulcers.html"><u>peptic ulcers</u></a>, cancer, or abnormality of the pancreas or bile ducts. If the condition improves or resolves, indigestion symptoms usually improve.<br />
<br />
Sometimes, the cause of indigestion cannot be found. This indigestion type is called functional dyspepsia, which is thought to occur in the area where the stomach meets with the small intestine. The indigestion may be related to abnormal motility—the squeezing or relaxing action—of the stomach muscle as it receives, digests, and moves food into the small intestine.<br />
<br />
<strong>Indigestion Symptoms</strong><br />
<br />
People with dyspepsia or indigestion usually have more than one of the following symptoms:<blockquote><strong> Fullness during a meal.</strong> The person feels overly full soon after the meal starts and cannot finish the meal. <br />
<br />
<strong> Bothersome fullness after a meal.</strong> The person feels overly full after a meal—it may feel like the food is staying in the stomach too long. <br />
<br />
<strong> Epigastric pain.</strong> The epigastric area is between the lower end of the chest bone and the navel. The person may experience epigastric pain ranging from mild to severe.<br />
<br />
<strong> Epigastric burning.</strong> The person feels an unpleasant sensation of heat in the epigastric area.</blockquote>Some rare symptoms of the condition include nausea and bloating—the sensation of unpleasant tightness in the stomach. However, nausea and bloating may be caused by digestive problems other than indigestion.<br />
<br />
<strong>Indigestion Treatment</strong><br />
<br />
In some people, making some lifestyle changes and decreasing stress may help relieve the symptoms of indigestion. Lifestyle changes may include eating several small; low fat meals throughout the day at a slow pace; quitting smoking; avoiding coffee, carbonated drinks, and alcohol; and stopping medications that may irritate the lining of the stomach, such as aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs.<br />
<br />
Your doctor may recommend over-the-counter antacids or medications, which help reduce acid production in the stomach. Medicines that help the stomach move food more quickly into the small intestine may also help. <br />
<br />
Some medications that your doctor might prescribe may include antacids, H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), prokinetics, or antibiotics to treat the symptoms of indigestion.<br />
<br />
<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/common-stomach-diseases-or-disorders.html"><u>Common Stomach Diseases</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/peptic-ulcers.html"><u>Peptic Ulcers</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html"><u>Common Digestive System Diseases</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>View List of</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a>.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Source:<br />
<a href="http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/indigestion/index.htm">Indigestion</a> (November 2008). NIH Publication No. 09–4549. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Accessed: November 25, 2009</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Page Last Revised: December 4, 2010<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-18094898777955754682009-11-24T22:27:00.005-08:002010-12-04T08:50:14.217-08:00Peptic UlcersPeptic ulcers are sores that form in the inner lining of the stomach and sometimes in the duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. Peptic ulcer names may be different depending on the digestive tract involved. When it occurs in the stomach, it is called gastric ulcer. A peptic ulcer occurring in the duodenum is called duodenal ulcer. <br />
<br />
Many people have peptic ulcer. It can occur both in the stomach and duodenum. Sometimes, you can have more than one ulcer in your lifetime.<br />
<br />
<strong>Peptic Ulcer Causes</strong><br />
<br />
Peptic ulcer is commonly caused by the bacteria called H. pylori. Experts believe that H. pylori may be spread through eating and drinking contaminated food and water. Also, the bacteria may be spread through kissing. <br />
<br />
The second leading cause of peptic ulcer is long-term use of pain-reliever drugs, called NSAIDs. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), ulcers caused by NSAIDs are more often found in people who are age 60 or older; are female; have taken NSAIDs for a long time; and have had ulcer before.<br />
<br />
Contrary to the notion, stress and eating spicy foods do not cause peptic ulcers. However, they can make ulcers worse and can affect healing.<br />
<br />
<strong>Peptic Ulcer Symptoms</strong><br />
<br />
Peptic ulcer symptoms may include weight loss, poor appetite, bloating, burping, vomiting, and feeling sick to your stomach. However, the most common symptom of peptic ulcer is dull or burning pain in the stomach. The pain often starts between meals or during the night, briefly stops if you eat or take antacids, lasts for minutes to hours, comes and goes for several days or weeks. <br />
<br />
<strong>Peptic Ulcers Treatment</strong><br />
<br />
Peptic ulcer treatment may include medicines to reduce stomach acid and protect the lining of your stomach and duodenum; antibiotics to kill the bacteria H. pylori; and medicines to coat the ulcer and protect them from stomach acid.<br />
<br />
If NSAIDs use is the primary cause of peptic ulcer, your doctor may tell you to stop taking them or reduce how much of the NSAID you take. Your doctor may also prescribe an alternative pain medication that does not cause peptic ulcer.<br />
<br />
Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol. Smoking and alcohol can make slow healing of ulcers and can make them worse. <br />
<br />
<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Digestive System Diseases</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/dyspepsia.html">Dyspepsia</a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>View all</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Source:<br />
What I need to know about Peptic Ulcers (September 2009). NIH Publication No. 09–5042. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse <digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/pepticulcers_ez/>. Accessed: November 25, 2009</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Page Last Revised: December 4, 2010<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-18645499777628735132009-11-08T19:21:00.001-08:002010-12-04T08:54:51.153-08:00DiarrheaDiarrhea occurs when a person has a change in bowel movements, passing unusually loose and watery stools. For most cases, the condition usually goes away without special medical treatment. However, diarrhea can be potentially life-threatening if it leads to dehydration. <br />
<br />
<b>Causes</b><br />
<br />
Diarrhea can be caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Other causes of diarrhea include certain medications, certain food like milk, or health problems affecting the stomach or the intestines.<br />
<br />
Normally, stool has a semi-solid consistency. The stool is the one that’s left when most of food molecules including vitamins and minerals and water, needed by the body, are absorbed. As stool passes through the large intestine, some of its water content is absorbed making stool a little bit solid. However, when water is not absorbed, the stool can become loose and watery.<br />
<br />
<b>Symptoms of Diarrhea</b><br />
<br />
People with diarrhea often have unusual frequent bowel movements, which results in passing more than a quart of watery stool per day. It is a common condition, which usually lasts a day or two. Sometimes, the condition can last for months or years depending on the cause.<br />
<br />
Other symptoms of diarrhea may include cramping in the abdomen, frequent urge or need to have a bowel movement, uncomfortable feeling in the anus, and sometimes fever or chills. <br />
<br />
Sometimes severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration where water and important body salts are lost. In dehydration, the body cannot work properly, which can make a person become or feeling tired. Dehydration is a serious complication of diarrhea, especially in babies, children, and older people.<br />
<br />
<b>Symptoms of Dehydration</b><br />
<br />
Symptoms of dehydration include being thirsty, urinating less often than usual, having dark-colored urine, having dry skin, feeling tired or dizzy, and fainting. In more severe cases, diarrhea may cause kidney failure where the kidneys stop to function.<br />
<br />
It may be difficult to know when babies are experiencing dehydration. Symptoms of dehydration in babies may include having dry mouth and tongue, crying without tears, having no wet diapers for 3 hours or more, having a high fever, and being unusually sleepy or drowsy. These warning signs of diarrhea that needs special medical attention.<br />
<br />
Diarrhea symptoms may be signs of other problems in the digestive tract as well. <br />
<br />
<b>Treatments</b><br />
<br />
Treatment of diarrhea usually involves replacing the lost fluids. However, severe diarrhea cases may need hospitalization. In some cases, treating the cause can make diarrhea go away. For example, diarrhea caused by bacteria can be effectively treated with antibiotics.<br />
<br />
<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Digestive System Diseases</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</a></li></ul><br />
<b>View all</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-3704863910441512102009-11-08T04:54:00.006-08:002012-07-08T01:12:23.208-07:00Common Digestive System DiseasesThe digestive system is composed of the digestive tract and organs that aid in digestion of food. The digestive tract includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and the anus. <br />
<br />
Other organs or structures that help in digesting food are the teeth, salivary glands, the liver, and the pancreas.<br />
<br />
<b>The following are brief descriptions of the common digestive diseases.</b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Appendicitis</span></span><br />
<br />
Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix—a small organ attached to the first part of the large intestine. It can be caused by blockage to the lumen of the appendix. <br />
<br />
<img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 234px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj42Dt2qXDyaKxzNct_MEeXw6z9buCiSHy_8vu85XISopRy5zmgjFzlPyYXNDWXCww8iTstiGzRL-xZMUswysCLrpZC6W-rMWNImSAxQrfYlbKqMwnD7jG4k5uQKJZe1p-AP-VSvQSYPw/s320/digestive+system.jpg" border="0" alt="Illustration of the digestive tract."id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5401718023272996626" />The bacteria in the appendix can multiply and cause inflammation of the appendix. Symptoms of disease include pain in the lower right part of the abdomen, low-grade fever, nausea and vomiting.<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/appendicitis.html"><u>More information about Appendicitis</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Colon and Rectal Cancer</span></span><br />
<br />
Cancer of the colon and rectum is sometimes called colorectal cancer. A type of cancer, colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, according to recent data provided by the World Health Organization. The condition occurs when cells in the colon or rectum abnormally divide forming a mass called tumor. The cancer cells can travel through the blood or lymph causing cancer in other organs of the body.<br />
<br />
Possible signs of colon or rectal cancer include change in bowel habits and blood in the stool.<br />
<br />
Colorectal cancer treatment is more effective if found early where cancer has not spread to other parts of the body. Treatment options for colorectal cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy or a combination of these treatments.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Diarrhea</span></span><br />
<br />
Diarrhea is a common problem, which is described as having loose, watery stools. People with diarrhea, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), often have frequent bowel movements and may pass more than a quart of watery stool a day. Having diarrhea can cause a person to be dehydrated, which can be life-threatening.<br />
<br />
Common causes of diarrhea include infection with bacteria, viruses, or parasites; some foods; or health problems affecting the digestive system.<br />
<br />
The main treatment of diarrhea involves replacing lost fluids.<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/diarrhea.html"><u>Diarrhea</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Foodborne Illness or Food Poisoning</span></span><br />
<br />
Foodborne illness can be caused by foods and beverages that have been contaminated by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Symptoms of foodborne illness include upset stomach, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and vomiting. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Gas (Flatulence)</span></span><br />
<br />
Everyone can have gas, may it be in the form of burping or passing gas. More often, gas is odorless. The odor in passed gas, however, can be caused by sulfur that is normally produced by bacteria in the colon. Limiting foods known to cause gas may help.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Gastritis</span></span><br />
<br />
Gastritis is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach. It is not a single disease but actually several conditions that have some inflammation of the stomach lining. Too much alcohol drinking, long-term use of certain pain relievers and certain bacterial infection can cause gastritis. Other health problems or conditions can cause gastritis as well.<br />
<br />
Gastritis symptoms include pain or abdominal upset, bloating, and burning in the upper abdomen.<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/10/gastritis-inflamed-stomach.html"><u>Gastritis (Inflamed Stomach)</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)</span></span><br />
<br />
Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when the muscle called lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to close allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. The LES is a smooth muscle that acts as a valve between the esophagus and the stomach. The flowing back of stomach contents including acid is called a reflux, which can cause heartburn—a burning sensation on the chest.<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/gastroesophageal-reflux-in-babies.html"><u>Gastroesophageal Reflux in Babies</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)</span></span><br />
<br />
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the more serious form of <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/gastroesophageal-reflux-in-babies.html"><u>gastroesophageal reflux</u></a> (GER). A reflux that occurs more often may mean that a person has GERD. Like GER, heartburn is a common symptom of GERD. However, GERD that persists for a long time can lead to more serious problems in the digestive tract.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Hemorrhoids</span></span><br />
<br />
Hemorrhoids are swollen, inflamed veins around the anus or lower rectum. It is common in both men and women. In fact, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, about half of the population will experience hemorrhoids by age 50. The most common symptom of hemorrhoids is having blood in the stool. Pain may also be felt around the anus.<br />
<br />
Most cases of hemorrhoids are temporary and usually goes away without special medical treatment. <br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/10/hemorrhoids.html"><u>Hemorrhoids</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Heartburn</span></span><br />
<br />
Heartburn is the burning sensation felt on the chest when acid in the stomach flows back in the esophagus—the tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach. Heartburn is more of a symptom of a health problem rather than a disease itself.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:120%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Stomach Ulcers (Peptic Ulcers)</span></span><br />
<br />
A stomach ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer that occurs when a sore develops in the lining of the stomach. Sometimes peptic ulcer occur in the duodenum—the first part of the small intestine—called duodenal ulcer. Most cases of stomach ulcers are caused by bacteria called Helicobacter Pylori or H. pylori. Long term use of certain pain relievers can cause the condition as well. Symptoms of stomach ulcer include gnawing abdominal pain, poor appetite, weight loss, nausea and vomiting.<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/peptic-ulcers.html"><u>Peptic Ulcers</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/common-stomach-diseases-or-disorders.html"><u>Common Stomach Diseases</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/inguinal-hernia.html">Inguinal Hernia</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/indigestion-digestion-problem.html"><u>Indigestion: A Digestion Problem</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>View List of</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/indigestion-digestion-problem.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a>.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Page Last Revised: December 4, 2010<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-31681664391951468042009-11-07T04:19:00.003-08:002012-06-25T20:17:16.044-07:00ConstipationHaving difficulty of passing stool? Or maybe you have stool that is dry, hard, and painful passing of stool? If your answer to this is yes, you are probably experiencing constipation.<br />
<br />
Fact is, constipation is one of the leading gastrointestinal complaints in the United States. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, more than 4 million Americans have frequent constipation, accounting for 2.5 million physician visits a year.<br />
<br />
Constipation, according to the National Institute of Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), is defined as having a bowel movement fewer than three times per week. A person with constipation usually has stools that are dry, hard, small in size, and difficult to pass.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">What causes constipation?</span></span><br />
<br />
Common causes of constipation are:<br />
<ul><li>Not eating enough fibers</li>
<li>Physical inactivity (especially in the elderly)</li>
<li>Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement</li>
<li>Certain medications, and</li>
<li>Dehydration</li>
</ul><br />
Sometimes, constipation may be caused by other health problems or conditions, such as stroke, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), problems in the colon, and even pregnancy. Abuse of laxatives may also cause the condition.<br />
<br />
Normally, some of the water contents of stool are absorbed by the large intestine or the colon. However, constipation occurs when the colon absorbs too much water or the colon’s muscle contraction is too slow, which causes the stool to move very slowly. This can cause stools to become hard and dry. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">What are the available treatments for constipation?</span></span><br />
<br />
Most cases of constipation last for only a short time and usually is not serious. Sometimes, treating the underlying cause can make the constipation go away. Laxatives are not advisable for everyone. The doctor may recommend laxative for cases where constipation that do not improve. However, laxatives are recommended for a limited time only.<br />
<br />
To prevent constipation, experts recommend eating foods high in fiber, drinking enough fluids, visiting the restroom when the urge to have a bowel movement is felt, and exercising regularly.<br />
<br />
<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Digestive System Diseases</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>View all</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Source:<br />
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). What I need to know about Constipation (http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/constipation_ez/) Retrieved November 7, 2009</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Page Last Revised: June 26, 2012<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-52262025396831893772009-10-10T23:21:00.002-07:002012-07-30T09:52:42.622-07:00Hemorrhoids<strong>Hemorrhoids</strong>, also called piles, can sometimes be painful or irritating and may cause alarm to an individual. Hemorrhoids, according to the National Library of Medicine, are swollen, inflamed veins around the anus or lower rectum. It can result from too much straining during bowel movement. Other factors such as pregnancy, aging, chronic <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/constipation.html"><u>constipation</u></a> or <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/diarrhea.html"><u>diarrhea</u></a>, and anal intercourse can contribute to the development of hemorrhoids. <br />
<br />
Hemorrhoids are very common and can occur in both men and women. In fact, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, about half of all people will experience hemorrhoids by age 50.<br />
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The two types of hemorrhoids are <em><strong>internal hemorrhoids</strong></em> and <em><strong>external hemorrhoids</strong></em>. When hemorrhoids occur inside the anus, it is called internal hemorrhoids. When it occurs under the skin around the anus, this is called external hemorrhoids.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Symptoms of Hemorrhoids</strong></span><br />
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Some people do not experience symptoms of hemorrhoids. However, some people with internal bleeding hemorrhoids may notice some bright red blood covering their stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl. In some cases, an internal hemorrhoid may protrude through the anus outside the body, which can become irritated and cause pain. This condition is called protruding hemorrhoid.<br />
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In external hemorrhoids, symptoms may include painful swelling or a hard lump around the anus, which can result from the formation of a blood clot. This is known as a thrombosed external hemorrhoid.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Hemorrhoids are Common in Pregnant Women</strong></span><br />
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According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, hemorrhoids are common among pregnant women. However, this is usually a temporary problem. The presence of the growing fetus on the abdomen, as well as hormonal changes, cause the hemorrhoidal vessels to enlarge. These vessels can also be placed under severe pressure during labor or childbirth.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Diagnosis of Hemorrhoids</strong></span><br />
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In most cases, hemorrhoids are not dangerous or life threatening. However, it is recommended that a thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis is done whenever bleeding in the rectum or blood in the stool occurs. Bleeding can be caused by other disorders of the digestive system, including colon or rectal cancer.<br />
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In addition to learning about your symptoms and family and medical history, your doctor will also perform a thorough physical exam. Your doctor may also use medical gadgets, such as an anoscope or proctoscope to view the inside of your rectum. <br />
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Your doctor may also recommend viewing your lower colon or sigmoid using a sigmoidoscope or your entire colon with the use of a colonoscope. Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are diagnostic procedures that can help your doctor see the inside of your large intestine, including the rectum and anus.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Treatment of Hemorrhoids</strong></span><br />
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Medical treatment of hemorrhoids is aimed initially at relieving symptoms. Measures to reduce symptoms include<blockquote> tub baths several times a day in plain, warm water for about 10 minutes <br />
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application of a hemorrhoidal cream or suppository to the affected area for a limited time</blockquote>Preventing the recurrence of hemorrhoids will require relieving the pressure and straining of <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/constipation.html"><u>constipation</u></a>. <br />
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<b>Fiber and Fluid Intake</b><br />
Your doctor may recommend that you increase fiber and fluid intake in your diet. Eating the right amount of fiber and drinking six to eight glasses of fluid result in softer, bulkier stools. A softer stool makes emptying the bowels easier and lessens the pressure on hemorrhoids caused by straining. Eliminating straining also helps prevent the hemorrhoids from protruding. <br />
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Good sources of fiber are fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid drinking alcohol, as this tends to make you eliminate more fluid through urination.<br />
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In some cases, hemorrhoids must be treated endoscopically or surgically. These methods are used to shrink and destroy the hemorrhoidal tissue. The doctor will perform the procedure during an office or hospital visit.<br />
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<b>Medical Procedures</b><br />
A number of methods may be used to remove or reduce the size of internal hemorrhoids. These techniques include<blockquote><strong> Rubber band ligation.</strong> A rubber band is placed around the base of the hemorrhoid inside the rectum. The band cuts off circulation, and the hemorrhoid withers away within a few days.<br />
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<strong> Sclerotherapy.</strong> A chemical solution is injected around the blood vessel to shrink the hemorrhoid.<br />
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<strong> Infrared coagulation.</strong> A special device is used to burn hemorrhoidal tissue.<br />
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<strong> Hemorrhoidectomy.</strong> Occasionally, extensive or severe internal or external hemorrhoids may require removal by surgery known as hemorrhoidectomy.(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2004)</blockquote><b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/09/proctitis-inflamed-rectum-causes.html">Proctitis (Inflamed Rectum)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li>
</ul><br />
View List of <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html"><u>Digestive System Diseases</u></a>. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">References: National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health. NIH Publication No. 07–3021, November 2004 <br />
<br />
MedlinePlus ( August 2009). National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</span> <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Page Last Revised: July 31, 2012<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-76923056636794743842009-10-10T19:29:00.002-07:002016-03-28T21:40:01.409-07:00Gastritis (Inflamed Stomach)<strong>Gastritis</strong> is the inflammation of the inner lining of the stomach. This is not a single disease, but rather, several disorders that all have inflammation of the stomach lining. Gastritis may be acute or chronic. Acute gastritis occurs suddenly while chronic (long-term) gastritis can occur over a long period of time.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Causes of Gastritis</strong></span><br />
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Gastritis can be caused by<blockquote> excessive alcohol drinking<br />
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lon-term use of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Examples of NSAIDs include aspirin and ibuprofen.<br />
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infection with bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)—the same bacteria that causes <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/peptic-ulcers.html"><u>peptic ulcers</u></a>.<br />
<br />
degeneration of the stomach lining due to advanced age.</blockquote>In some cases, gastritis develops after a major surgery, burns, severe infections, or traumatic injury. Other health problems, such as autoimmune disorders, pernicious anemia, and chronic bile reflux, can also cause gastritis to develop. <br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Signs and Symptoms of Gastritis</strong></span><br />
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The most common symptom is abdominal upset or pain. Other symptoms may also include<blockquote> belching<br />
<br />
abdominal bloating<br />
<br />
nausea<br />
<br />
vomiting<br />
<br />
feeling of fullness<br />
<br />
burning sensation in the upper abdomen</blockquote>When you notice blood in your vomit or have black stools, it may be a sign of bleeding in the stomach, which can be serious. Seek immediate medical attention.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Diagnosis</strong></span><br />
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Gastritis is diagnosed through one or more medical tests:<blockquote><strong> Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.</strong><br />
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Your doctor eases an endoscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera, through your mouth (or occasionally nose) and down into your stomach to look at your stomach lining. He or she will check for inflammation and may remove a tiny sample of stomach tissue for tests. This procedure to remove a tissue sample is called a biopsy.<br />
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<strong> Blood test.</strong> <br />
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The doctor may check your red blood cell count to see whether you have anemia, which means that you do not have enough red blood cells in your blood. Bleeding from the stomach can cause anemia. <br />
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<strong> Stool test.</strong> <br />
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This test checks for the presence of blood in your stool, a sign of bleeding. Stool test may also be used to detect the presence of H. pylori in the digestive tract.</blockquote><span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Treatment of Gastritis</strong></span><br />
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Treatment of gastritis depends on the cause. In some cases, once the underlying cause disappears, the gastritis usually does too. <br />
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Your doctor may prescribe antacids or medications that reduce or neutralize stomach acid, which help relieve symptoms and promote healing. Stomach acid can irritate the inflamed tissue in the stomach. Your doctor may also recommend that you avoid certain foods, beverages, or medications that cause gastritis. <br />
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If your gastritis is caused by an infection, that problem may be treated as well. For example, your doctor might prescribe antibiotics to clear up H. pylori infection. Talk to your doctor before stopping any medicine or starting any gastritis treatment on your own. <br />
<br />
<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Digestive System Diseases</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/peptic-ulcers.html">Peptic Ulcers</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/indigestion-digestion-problem.html">Indigestion</a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>View all</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;"><em>Source: Information Courtesy of the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health. NIH Publication No. 05–4764, December 2004</em></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Page Last Revised: June 23, 2012<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-69450372341514921952009-09-26T03:54:00.003-07:002012-07-05T20:52:48.086-07:00Inguinal HerniaAn inguinal hernia occurs when intra-abdominal fat or part of the small intestine bulges through a weak spot in the lower abdominal muscles. An inguinal hernia occurs in the groin—the area between the abdomen and thigh.<br />
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Inguinal hernia occurs more commonly in males than females and can occur any time from infancy to adulthood.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Types</strong></span><br />
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There are two types of inguinal hernia: direct hernia and indirect hernia. These two types have different causes.<br />
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<strong>Indirect Inguinal Hernia</strong><br />
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Indirect inguinal hernias are congenital hernias and are much more common in males than females because of the way males develop in the womb. <br />
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<img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 288px; height: 298px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8cNAoactSsqbMrVY-vkyEdofSVpjy0I3T4XsbvWFJOgEVBn9wIEhLCU8WlfWeCBJH8ayxHdilAWfq2ZhQQHmhoHGoD9CmYe-YOBw9tICO9P1d_wAQhdUuUCGU1wt_bg8OPmE-GMOR0z8/s320/InguinalHernia.jpg" border="0" alt="Inguinal Hernia"id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5385729878760751058" />In a male fetus, the spermatic cord and both testicles—starting from an intra-abdominal location—normally descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum, the sac that holds the testicles. Sometimes the entrance of the inguinal canal at the inguinal ring does not close as it should just after birth, leaving a weakness in the abdominal wall. Fat or part of the small intestine slides through the weakness into the inguinal canal, causing a hernia. <br />
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In females, an indirect inguinal hernia is caused by the female organs or the small intestine sliding into the groin through a weakness in the abdominal wall.<br />
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Indirect hernias are the most common type of inguinal hernia. Premature infants are especially at risk for indirect inguinal hernias because there is less time for the inguinal canal to close.<br />
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<strong>Direct inguinal hernia</strong><br />
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Direct inguinal hernias are caused by connective tissue degeneration of the abdominal muscles, which causes weakening of the muscles during the adult years. Direct inguinal hernias occur only in males. The hernia involves fat or the small intestine sliding through the weak muscles into the groin. A direct hernia develops gradually because of continuous stress on the muscles. One or more of the following factors can cause pressure on the abdominal muscles and may worsen the hernia:<blockquote> sudden twists, pulls, or muscle strains <br />
<br />
lifting heavy objects <br />
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straining on the toilet because of constipation <br />
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weight gain <br />
<br />
chronic coughing</blockquote>Indirect and direct inguinal hernias usually slide back and forth spontaneously through the inguinal canal and can often be moved back into the abdomen with gentle massage.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Symptoms</strong></span><br />
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Symptoms of an inguinal hernia usually appear gradually and include a bulge in the groin, discomfort or sharp pain, a feeling of weakness or pressure in the groin, and a burning, gurgling, or aching feeling at the bulge.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Incarcerated and Strangulated Inguinal Hernias</strong></span><br />
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An incarcerated inguinal hernia is a hernia that becomes stuck in the groin or scrotum and cannot be massaged back into the abdomen. <br />
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A strangulated hernia, in which the blood supply to the incarcerated small intestine is jeopardized. This condition is serious, which requires immediate medical care. Symptoms include extreme tenderness and redness in the area of the bulge, sudden pain that worsens quickly, fever, rapid heart rate, nausea, and vomiting.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Diagnosis of Inguinal Hernia</strong></span><br />
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To diagnose inguinal hernia, the doctor takes a thorough medical history and conducts a physical examination. The person may be asked to stand and cough so the doctor can feel the hernia as it moves into the groin or scrotum. The doctor checks to see if the hernia can be gently massaged back into its proper position in the abdomen.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Treatment of Inguinal Hernia</strong></span><br />
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Inguinal hernias may be repaired through surgery. Surgery is performed through one incision or with a laparoscope and several small incisions.<br />
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Surgery for inguinal hernia is usually done on an outpatient basis. Recovery time varies depending on the size of the hernia, the technique used, and the age and health of the patient.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Complications</strong></span><br />
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Complications from inguinal hernia surgery are rare and can include general anesthesia complications, hernia recurrence, bleeding, wound infection, painful scar, and injury to internal organs.<br />
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<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/12/hiatal-hernia.html"><u>Hiatal Hernia</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html"><u>Common Digestive System Diseases</u></a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html"><u>Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</u></a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>View all</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a><br />
<br />
<sub><strong>Source:</strong> National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). NIH Publication No. 09–4634, December 2008</sub><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-71471464846887227612009-09-26T03:01:00.001-07:002010-12-04T09:08:06.442-08:00Common Stomach Diseases or DisordersThe stomach is a j-shaped, hollow, distensible organ located in the upper left corner of the abdomen. The stomach has several digestive glands, which produce stomach acid and enzyme that digest protein.<br />
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<span style="font-size:140%;"><strong>Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</strong></span><br />
<br />
<img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 234px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyY-C2hDRgmrskKz0wKJ2H7bRerXbHNHggp1sMb5VFQGjUpimLpfgNB6fK9yZNtsK9LFw5JdjtsoVy-GZ3VmIcDdqFdmTJPTOq91URfpPujF_2-Y-pbwh_32KSPwd6uuZuAot5nFfezvY/s320/Appendicitis.jpg" border="0" alt="Illustration of the digestive tract, showing the location of the stomach."id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5385680177815117970" /><span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS)</strong></span><br />
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CVS is characterized by episodes or cycles of severe nausea and vomiting that last for hours, or even days, that alternate with intervals with no symptoms. Although originally thought to be a pediatric disease, CVS occurs in all age groups. Medical researchers believe CVS and migraine headaches are related.<br />
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Many people can identify a specific condition or event that triggered an episode, such as an infection. Common triggers in children include emotional stress and excitement. Anxiety and panic attacks are more common triggers in adults. Colds, allergies, sinus problems, and the flu can also set off episodes in some people.<br />
Other reported triggers include eating certain foods such as chocolate or cheese, eating too much, or eating just before going to bed. Hot weather, physical exhaustion, menstruation, and motion sickness can also trigger episodes.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Gastroparesis</strong></span><br />
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Gastroparesis, is a disorder in which the stomach takes too long to empty its contents. It is also known as delayed gastric emptying. Normally, the stomach contracts to move food down into the small intestine for digestion. The vagus nerve controls the movement of food from the stomach through the digestive tract. Gastroparesis occurs when the vagus nerve is damaged and the muscles of the stomach and intestines do not work normally. Food then moves slowly or stops moving through the digestive tract.<br />
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Gastroparesis may occur in people with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. The vagus nerve becomes damaged after years of high blood glucose, resulting in gastroparesis. In turn, gastroparesis contributes to poor blood glucose control.<br />
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Symptoms of gastroparesis include early fullness, abdominal pain, stomach spasms, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, bloating, gastroesophageal reflux, lack of appetite, and weight loss.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Gastritis</strong></span><br />
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Gastritis is not a single disease, but several different conditions that all have inflammation of the stomach lining. Gastritis can be caused by drinking too much alcohol, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen, or infection with bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Sometimes gastritis develops after major surgery, traumatic injury, burns, or severe infections. Certain diseases, such as pernicious anemia, autoimmune disorders, and chronic bile reflux, can cause gastritis as well. <br />
<br />
The most common symptoms are abdominal upset or pain. Other symptoms are belching, abdominal bloating, nausea, and vomiting or a feeling of fullness or of burning in the upper abdomen. Blood in your vomit or black stools may be a sign of bleeding in the stomach, which may indicate a serious problem requiring immediate medical attention.<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/10/gastritis-inflamed-stomach.html"><u>Gastritis (Inflamed Stomach)</u></a></li></ul><br />
<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Peptic Ulcers</strong></span><br />
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A peptic ulcer is a sore on the lining of the stomach or duodenum, which is the beginning of the small intestine. Peptic ulcers are common: One in 10 Americans develops an ulcer at some time in his or her life. One cause of peptic ulcer is bacterial infection, but some ulcers are caused by long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), like aspirin and ibuprofen. In a few cases, cancerous tumors in the stomach or pancreas can cause ulcers. Peptic ulcers are not caused by stress or eating spicy food, but these can make ulcers worse.<br />
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The most common symptom of peptic ulcer is abdominal discomfort. Other symptoms may include weight loss, poor appetite, bloating, burping, nausea, and vomiting. Some people experience only very mild symptoms or none at all.<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/peptic-ulcers.html"><u>Peptic Ulcers</u></a></li></ul><br />
<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Indigestion</strong></span><br />
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Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a term used to describe one or more symptoms including a feeling of fullness during a meal, uncomfortable fullness after a meal, and burning or pain in the upper abdomen.<br />
<br />
Most people with indigestion experience more than one of the following symptoms:<blockquote> The person feels overly full soon after the meal starts and cannot finish the meal. <br />
The person feels overly full after a meal—it may feel like the food is staying in the stomach too long. <br />
<br />
The epigastric area is between the lower end of the chest bone and the navel. The person may experience epigastric pain ranging from mild to severe. <br />
<br />
The person feels an unpleasant sensation of heat in the epigastric area.</blockquote>Other, less frequent symptoms that may occur with indigestion are nausea and bloating—an unpleasant tightness in the stomach. Nausea and bloating could be due to causes other than indigestion.<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/indigestion-digestion-problem.html">Indigestion</a></li></ul><br />
<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Rapid Gastric Emptying</strong></span><br />
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Rapid gastric emptying, also called dumping syndrome, occurs when undigested food empties too quickly into the small intestine.<br />
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Early rapid gastric emptying begins either during or right after a meal. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, bloating, cramping, diarrhea, dizziness, and fatigue. Late rapid gastric emptying occurs 1 to 3 hours after eating. Symptoms include hypoglycemia, also called low blood sugar; weakness; sweating; and dizziness. Experiencing both forms of gastric emptying is not uncommon.<br />
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<span style="font-size:140%;"><strong>Rare Stomach Disorder</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES)</strong></span><br />
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ZES is a rare disorder characterized by one or more tumors in the pancreas, duodenum, or both. The tumors cause the stomach to make too much acid, leading to peptic ulcers in the duodenum. The tumors are sometimes cancerous and spread to other areas of the body. <br />
<br />
Symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome are similar to those of peptic ulcers and include burning abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, diarrhea, severe gastroesophageal reflux—a condition where gastric acid and food from the stomach backs up into the esophagus.<br />
<br />
<b>Suggested Reading:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Digestive System Diseases</a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>View all</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Information courtesy of the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Page Last Revised: December 4, 2010<br />
<br />
<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-22509461691779139472009-09-26T00:33:00.001-07:002010-12-04T09:11:09.975-08:00Appendicitis<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>The Inflamed Appendix</strong></span><br />
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Appendicitis is the medical term for the inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a fingerlike pouch attached to the first part of the large intestine called cecum. It is located in the lower right area of the abdomen.<br />
<br />
Although anyone can get appendicitis, it is more common among people aged 10 to 30 years old.<br />
<br />
Experts are not sure what the appendix does, if anything. The removal of the appendix does not seem to affect a person’s health. The inside portion of the appendix is called the appendiceal lumen. The mucus that the appendix creates travel through the appendiceal lumen and empties into the large intestine.<br />
<br />
<img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 234px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyY-C2hDRgmrskKz0wKJ2H7bRerXbHNHggp1sMb5VFQGjUpimLpfgNB6fK9yZNtsK9LFw5JdjtsoVy-GZ3VmIcDdqFdmTJPTOq91URfpPujF_2-Y-pbwh_32KSPwd6uuZuAot5nFfezvY/s320/Appendicitis.jpg" border="0" alt="Illustration of the digestive tract, showing the location of the appendix."id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5385680177815117970" /><span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Causes</strong></span><br />
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Appendicitis is commonly caused by obstruction of the appendix’x lumen. This can cause bacteria that normally live inside the appendix to multiply. As a result, the appendix becomes infected and become swollen. Obstruction of the appendix can be caused by<br />
<br />
feces, parasites, or growths that clog the appendiceal lumen <br />
enlarged lymph tissue in the wall of the appendix, caused by infection in the gastrointestinal tract or elsewhere in the body <br />
inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis <br />
trauma to the abdomen <br />
<br />
There is danger of the inflamed appendix to burst. When this happens, the infection can spread to nearby organs in the abdomen—a condition called peritonitis. This is a potentially dangerous condition, which requires immediate medical care.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Symptoms of Appendicitis</strong></span><br />
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The most common symptom of appendicitis is pain in the abdomen. The abdominal pain usually<blockquote> occurs suddenly, often causing a person to wake up at night <br />
occurs before other symptoms <br />
begins near the belly button and then moves lower and to the right <br />
is new and unlike any pain felt before <br />
gets worse in a matter of hours <br />
gets worse when moving around, taking deep breaths, coughing, or sneezing</blockquote>Other symptoms of appendicitis may include<blockquote> loss of appetite <br />
nausea <br />
vomiting <br />
constipation or diarrhea <br />
inability to pass gas <br />
a low-grade fever that follows other symptoms <br />
abdominal swelling <br />
the feeling that passing stool will relieve discomfort</blockquote><span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Diagnosis of Appendicitis</strong></span><br />
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A doctor or other health care provider can diagnose most cases of appendicitis by taking a person’s medical history and performing a physical examination. If a person shows classic symptoms, a doctor may suggest surgery right away to remove the appendix before it bursts.<br />
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Doctors may use laboratory and imaging tests, such as blood tests, computed tomography (CT) scans, and abdominal x ray to confirm appendicitis if a person does not have classic symptoms. Tests may also help diagnose appendicitis in people who cannot adequately describe their symptoms, such as children or the mentally impaired.<br />
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<span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>Treatment of Appendicitis</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-size:120%;">Surgery</span><br />
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Typically, removing the appendix treats appendicitis. If appendicitis is suspected, a doctor will often suggest surgery without conducting extensive diagnostic testing. Prompt surgery decreases the likelihood the appendix will burst.<br />
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Surgery to remove the appendix is called appendectomy and can be done two ways. The older method, called laparotomy, removes the appendix through a single incision in the lower right area of the abdomen. The newer method, called laparoscopic surgery, uses several smaller incisions and special surgical tools fed through the incisions to remove the appendix. Laparoscopic surgery leads to fewer complications, such as hospital-related infections, and has a shorter recovery time.<br />
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Surgery occasionally reveals a normal appendix. In such cases, many surgeons will remove the healthy appendix to eliminate the future possibility of appendicitis. Occasionally, surgery reveals a different problem, which may also be corrected during surgery.<br />
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Sometimes abscess forms around a burst appendix—called an appendiceal abscess. An abscess is a pus-filled mass that results from the body’s attempt to keep an infection from spreading. An abscess may be addressed during surgery or, more commonly, drained before surgery. To drain an abscess, a tube is placed in the abscess through the abdominal wall. CT is used to help find the abscess. The drainage tube is left in place for about 2 weeks while antibiotics are given to treat infection. Six to 8 weeks later, when infection and inflammation are under control, surgery is performed to remove what remains of the burst appendix.<br />
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<span style="font-size:120%;">Nonsurgical Treatment</span><br />
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Nonsurgical treatment may be used if surgery is not available, if a person is not well enough to undergo surgery, or if the diagnosis is unclear. Some research suggests that appendicitis can get better without surgery. Nonsurgical treatment includes antibiotics to treat infection and a liquid or soft diet until the infection subsides. A soft diet is low in fiber and easily breaks down in the gastrointestinal tract.<br />
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<span style="font-size:120%;">Recovery</span><br />
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With adequate care, most people recover from appendicitis and do not need to make changes to diet, exercise, or lifestyle. Full recovery from surgery takes about 4 to 6 weeks. Limiting physical activity during this time allows tissues to heal.<br />
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<b>Suggested Readings:</b><br />
<ul><li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Digestive System Diseases</a></li>
<li><a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/11/common-digestive-system-diseases.html">Common Stomach Diseases or Disorders</a></li>
</ul><br />
<b>View all</b> <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2010/06/digestive-system-diseases-topics.html"><u>Digestive Diseases Topics</u></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Source: National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). NIH Publication No. 09–4547, November 2008</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:78%;">Page Last Revised: December 4, 2010<br />
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<a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-81384274838439288722009-09-25T23:44:00.000-07:002009-09-25T23:45:31.446-07:00Contact UsThank you for visiting the Digestive System Diseases website.<br /><br /><strong>Contacting the webmaster</strong><br /><br />Please be aware that we cannot reply to email questions about your specific health problems. We recommend that you direct your questions to your medical doctor.<br /><br />The information in this website is meant to serve as an aid to understand general descriptions of health conditions and other health matters and not to replace a consultation with a qualified healthcare provider. You should not use the information in this website to formulate your own treatment plan. Your healthcare provider can determine which optimal medical and dietary plan is best for you.<br /><br />To report any broken links, request for health topics to be featured in our website, or other concerns about our website, you can contact the webmaster at <strong>davidkm77(@)gmail(dot)com</strong>. View information about our <a href="http://digestivesystemdiseases.blogspot.com/2009/09/about-us.html"><u>privacy policy</u></a>.Thank you very much.<br /><br /><span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4294527304936406186.post-64052300416207759572009-09-25T23:40:00.004-07:002012-06-25T12:07:15.650-07:00About Us<strong>Privacy Statement</strong><br />
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<center><span style="font-size:85%;">Privacy Statement, Mission and Disclaimer, Advertisement Policy, Pop-Up Advertisements, Accreditation, and Site Maintenance<br />
Published: September 26, 2009<br />
Last Revised: September 23, 2010</span></center><br />
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<span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="#top">[Top of Page]</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com